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Emergency preparedness requires resilience and planning in life-supporting and response-supporting systems, including Food, Energy, Transport, Health, Housing, Workforce, and Waste and Hazardous Substances. Emergency management must extend beyond human communities to consider Biodiversity and Environmental Regeneration and Animal Welfare, including Freshwater and Marine species, and Forestry and Agriculture. Emergency response may require support from the New Zealand Defence Force, whether here or overseas (see also our Global Affairs Policy).